Foot and ankle health involves a complex interaction of bones, joints, tendons, and soft tissues. Understanding common orthopedic foot conditions can help patients identify symptoms early and seek appropriate treatment before complications arise.
Accessory Navicular Syndrome
The accessory navicular is an extra bone or cartilage found on the inside of the foot just above the arch. This condition can cause pain, swelling, and irritation, especially when the bone interferes with the posterior tibial tendon. It’s commonly treated with rest, orthotics, or surgery in severe cases.
Achilles Tendon Rupture
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. A rupture is a sudden tear that can cause intense pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Treatment may include immobilization or surgical repair depending on the severity.
Arch Pain & Arch Supports
Arch pain is often caused by strain or inflammation of the plantar fascia. This can be triggered by poor biomechanics, improper footwear, or overuse. Arch supports and custom orthotics are effective solutions for pain relief and realignment.
Bone Healing & Bone Infection (Osteomyelitis)
After a fracture or surgery, bone healing progresses through inflammation, production, and remodeling. Infections like osteomyelitis can disrupt this process and are considered serious. Early detection and treatment with antibiotics or surgery are critical.
Bone Tumors
Although rare in the foot and ankle, bone tumors can be benign or malignant. Symptoms often include swelling, pain, or deformity. Imaging and biopsy are essential for diagnosis and determining treatment plans.
Brachymetatarsia
This condition involves an abnormally short metatarsal bone, usually affecting the fourth toe. Brachymetatarsia can lead to cosmetic concerns, discomfort, or instability. Treatment options include shoe modifications or surgical lengthening.
Bunions (Hallux Abducto Valgus)
A bunion is a misalignment of the big toe joint that causes a painful bony bump on the side of the foot. It can worsen over time and may be aggravated by narrow or tight shoes. Conservative care includes padding and orthotics, while severe cases may need surgery.
Bursitis
Bursitis is inflammation of a fluid-filled sac (bursa) near joints, often caused by repetitive motion or pressure. It commonly affects the toes or heel. Treatment involves reducing friction, improving footwear, and anti-inflammatory care.
Calcaneal Apophysitis (Sever’s Disease)
Seen in children ages 8–14, Sever’s disease is inflammation of the heel’s growth plate. It’s triggered by repetitive stress during growth spurts. Management includes rest, heel cushions, and activity modification.
Capsulitis of the Second Toe
Capsulitis is the inflammation of the joint capsule at the base of the toe, often caused by abnormal foot structure or pressure. It leads to swelling and pain under the ball of the foot. Conservative treatment includes taping, footwear changes, and orthotics.
Cavus Foot (High Arches)
Cavus foot refers to an exaggerated arch that puts excess pressure on the ball and heel of the foot. Symptoms may include instability, pain, or calluses. Proper shoe support, bracing, and sometimes surgery can help restore balance.
Charcot Foot
Charcot foot is a serious complication of diabetes and neuropathy that leads to weakening of foot bones. It can result in fractures, deformity, and collapse of the arch. Urgent care is essential to prevent permanent disability.
Chronic Ankle Instability
After repeated ankle sprains, the ligaments may stretch or tear, leading to chronic ankle instability. Symptoms include frequent rolling of the ankle and a feeling of weakness. Strengthening exercises, bracing, or surgery may be needed.
Foot Arthritis
Arthritis in the foot can affect any joint and may lead to stiffness, swelling, pain, and loss of mobility. Common types include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. Treatment includes physical therapy, medication, orthotics, and surgical options.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD)
PTTD occurs when the tendon supporting the arch weakens or tears, often resulting in adult-acquired flatfoot. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and flattening of the foot. Early treatment with bracing and orthotics is critical to prevent progression.
Peroneal Tendon Injuries
The peroneal tendons run behind the outer ankle and help stabilize the foot. Injuries such as tears or subluxation can cause pain and instability. Treatment ranges from immobilization to surgery depending on severity.
Joint Pain & Swelling
Joint issues in the foot can arise from trauma, overuse, or systemic conditions like arthritis. Symptoms include swelling, tenderness, and limited motion. Evaluation through imaging and physical exam guides treatment, which may involve rest, orthotics, or joint injections.
Lisfranc Injuries
A Lisfranc injury affects the midfoot joint where the metatarsal and tarsal bones connect. It may result from trauma or twisting and often requires immobilization or surgery. Prompt diagnosis is essential to avoid long-term instability.
Tarsal Conditions: Talar Dome Lesion, Tailor’s Bunion, Os Trigonum
These conditions involve damage or inflammation around the ankle and forefoot. A talar dome lesion affects cartilage in the ankle joint. A Tailor’s bunion appears on the outside of the fifth toe. An os trigonum is an extra bone behind the ankle. Imaging and individualized care help guide recovery.
Conclusion
At Big Sky Foot and Ankle Institute, we’re committed to educating our patients about the complex structure of the foot and ankle. If you’re experiencing persistent pain or joint discomfort, schedule a consultation with our team in Butte, MT. Our specialists offer personalized treatment plans to restore your comfort and mobility.