What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins, typically in the legs. These clots can block blood flow and lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. The condition is considered a medical emergency due to the risk of the clot breaking loose and causing a pulmonary embolism.

Risk Factors for DVT

Blood or vein conditions:

  • Previous DVT
  • Varicose veins
  • Blood clotting disorders
  • Family history of DVT or clotting disorders

Other medical conditions:

  • Heart disease
  • Chronic leg swelling
  • Obesity
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Cancer
  • Dehydration
  • Sepsis

Women’s health issues:

  • Hormone replacement therapy
  • Birth control pills with estrogen
  • Pregnancy or recent childbirth

Other factors:

  • Age over 40
  • Immobility or inactivity
  • Recent surgery or trauma
  • Smoking

Signs and Symptoms of DVT

DVT may present with subtle or no symptoms at all. When symptoms do appear, they often include:

  • Leg swelling
  • Pain in the calf or thigh
  • Warmth and redness of the skin

Diagnosis

Due to its similarity to other conditions, DVT can be difficult to diagnose. Diagnostic tools may include Doppler ultrasound, blood tests, venogram, MRI, or angiogram.

Treatment Options

If a clot is confirmed, treatment options may include:

  • Medications: Blood thinners to prevent further clots
  • Compression stockings: To reduce pain and swelling
  • Surgery: In severe cases, performed by a vascular specialist

Complications of DVT

Pulmonary embolism is a serious complication where the clot travels to the lungs, causing symptoms such as:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Chest pain
  • Coughing up blood
  • A feeling of impending doom

Long-term complications may include persistent pain, swelling, and skin discoloration in the affected leg.

Prevention Tips

  • Take prescribed blood-thinners if advised
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle: quit smoking and maintain a healthy weight
  • Stay active and stretch legs frequently during long travel
  • Stay well-hydrated and avoid excessive alcohol and caffeine
  • Wear compression stockings if at risk